Gender differences in anaerobic power tests

The purpose of this study was to determine if the differences in anaerobic power between males and females could be accounted for by differences in body composition, strength, and neuromuscular function. A total of 82 untrained men and 99 women took part in the study. Body composition, somatotype, isometric strength, neuromuscular function were measured, and four anaerobic power tests performed. The men were significantly different from the women on all strength, power, and neuromuscular measurements except reaction time and on all anthropometric and somatotype dimensions except ectomorphy. Strength and anthropometric dimensions were similarly related to anaerobic power values within each sex. Relative fat (%fat) exerted different degrees of influence on sprint and jump performances in each sex. Removing the influence of anthropometric, strength, and neuromuscular differences by analysis of covariance reduced, but did not remove, the significant differences between the sexes. Therefore, factors other than lean body mass, leg strength, and neuromuscular function may be operating in short-term, explosive power performances to account for the differences between the sexes. The task-specific nature of anaerobic power tests and the relatively large influence of anthropometric factors on power production were confirmed.     

Relaxin

1. Relaxin is a hormone of reproduction that appears to affect parturition, uterine accommodation, and sperm motility to varying degrees in many species. 2. All relaxins have the same two chain, disulfide-linked insulin-like structure and two arginine residues in the midregion of the B chain. 3. The active relaxin molecule is produced by excision of a connecting peptide from the prohormone. 4. The biosynthetic pathways of insulin and relaxin are alike, but the relaxin prohormone is about twice as large as the corresponding proinsulin. 5. The primary structures of relaxins from apparently closely related species differ significantly in their amino acid compositions and do not fit into the traditional scheme of molecular evolution.     

Plasmid transformation and replica filter plating of Acholeplasma laidlawii

The restriction deficient mutant 8195 of Acholeplasma laidlawii strain JA1 was transformed by the promiscuous streptococcal plasmid vector pNZ18 at a frequency of 4 x 10(-4)/cfu. The plasmid was maintained without structural rearrangements but was lost in the absence of a selection pressure, i.e. kanamycin or neomycin. Transformed primary colonies were easily recognized due to a different colony morphology. Replica filter plating, previously not obtained with mycoplasmas, was achieved using pNZ18 as a marker by incubating the replica filters with the cell side down on the new agar plates. These findings should greatly facilitate the genetic and functional analysis of A. laidlawii.     

Conformation of a cyclic decapeptide analog of a repeat pentapeptide sequence of elastin: cyclo-bis(valyl-prolyl-alanyl-valyl-glycyl)

The conformation of a cyclic decapeptide analog of a repeat sequence of elastin has been determined in the crystalline state using X-ray crystallographic techniques. Tetragonal crystals were grown from a solution of the decapeptide in water; space group P4(2)2(1)2, a = 19.439(2) & c = 13.602(1) A, with four formula units (C40H66N10O10.4H2O) per unit cell. The cyclic decapeptide in the crystal exhibits exact twofold symmetry. The asymmetric unit contains one pentapeptide and two water molecules for a total of 32 nonhydrogen atoms. The structure has been determined by the application of direct methods and refined by full-matrix least squares to an R index of 0.053 for 2272 reflections with intensities greater than 2 sigma(I). The backbone conformation of the asymmetric pentapeptide can be described as consisting of a double beta bend of Type III-I. The Type III turn has Pro (phi = -59.3 degrees, psi = -26.8 degrees) and Ala (phi = -65.9 degrees, psi = -23.1 degrees) at the corners while Type I turn has Ala (phi = -65.9 degrees, psi = -23.1 degrees) and Val (phi = -98.9 degrees, psi = 8.3 degrees) as the corner residues. The cyclic decapeptide has two such double bends linked together by Gly-Val bridges.     

The development of an immunoenzyme method for determining human secretory IgA

The results of the work on the development of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system for the determination of secretory IgA (S-IgA) are presented. A first, S-IgA was isolated from human colostrum and used as the basis for obtaining biologically active immunosorbent; then antibodies to S-IgA were isolated and the specific conjugate was obtained. The determination of S-IgA was carried out by the method of sandwich EIA. The newly developed EIA system permitted the determination of S-IgA only, giving no positive reactions with serum immunoglobulins. The data thus obtained make it possible to regard this assay system as specific, sensitive and suitable for further trials.     

Recognition of 29 kDa surface-associated adhesive molecule of Entamoeba histolytica by monoclonal antibodies

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies have been developed and used as specific probe to locate and identify a 29-kDa molecule of axenic Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. Monoclonal antibody produced by clone C8 (MoAb C8) strongly agglutinated the amoebic trophozoites. THe immunofluorescence of live E. histolytica trophozoites and surface fluorescence of acetone-fixed trophozoites by MoAb C8 indicated existence of a 29-kDa molecule on surface-associated plasma membrane of E. histolytica . The monoclonal antibody belonged to IgG₁ isotype. The prior treatment of E. histolytica trophozoites with MoAb C8 resulted in significant ( P < 0.01) reduction in adherence of amoebic trophozoites to cultured Chinese Hamster Ovary cells and significant ( P < 0.01) reduction in cytotoxicity to cultured Baby Hamster Kidney cells. Pretreatment of amoebic trophozoites with MoAb C8 prior to cultivation in TPS-1 medium resulted in significant ( P < 0.01) reduction in growth of the parasite. Thus, the data suggested that the surface-exposed 29-kDa molecule may be one of the receptors involved in E. histolytica host cell interactions and may possibly modulate amoebic disease processes.     

Analysis of a fermentation recycle loop for on-line measurements

Summary Recycle lines have been widely used in on-line analysis of fermentation processes. However, like most tools, many practical considerations can remain overlooked. Upon reflecting on this technique, some of these overlooked considerations have been studied. Because of the importance of a debubbler to a recycle line, an improved design was made and tested which can produce a bubble free high flow rate stream to reduce residence times. The effect of the recycle line on the culture growth, and DO was also investigated and found to be negligible.